Physical activity and breast cancer: Prevention and cure
Every year, millions of women worldwide are diagnosed with breast cancer. In France, in 2023, 61,214 new cases of breast cancer were detected.
This disease has a significant impact on the lives of its victims and their loved ones. Thanks to ongoing research and new prevention and treatment methods, breast cancers treated at an early stage have a 90% cure rate(Ameli). Physical activity and sport are an effective complementary means of preventing, treating and curing breast cancer. Regular physical activity reduces the risk of colon, breast and endometrial cancer by 20-25%(according to oncologist and radiotherapist Dr Bruno Cutuli).
Physical activity and breast cancer: prevention
Risk factors
Before analysing the role of sport in cancer prevention in more detail, let's talk about risk factors. Some factors are beyond our control, and we can't do anything about them. On the other hand, breast cancer can be prevented by modifying certain lifestyle habits.
Benefits of physical activity
Lack of physical activity is a risk factor for breast cancer and, conversely, physical activity has many benefits for our bodies. It improves physical fitness and boosts the immune system, both of which are crucial in preventing various diseases, including breast cancer. It also reduces the risk of weight gain, obesity and hormonal imbalances, helping to create a body environment less conducive to the development of cancer cells. As a result, the risk of developing breast cancer is 20% lower in active women(Institut Curie).
Practical tips for physical activity
A minimum of 30 minutes of dynamic physical activity a day is recommended. In fact, physical inactivity led to almost 3,000 new cases of cancer in adults in 2015(French National Cancer Institute).
Physical activity and breast cancer: a complement to treatment
Physical activity during treatment has long been discouraged, and some people are reluctant to take part. However, although physical conditions do not always allow for exercise, when it is possible, it is now strongly recommended.
Improved quality of life during treatment
Physical activity can greatly improve patients' quality of life during treatment. Physical activity improves tolerance to treatment(Physical activity, an ally against cancer) by helping to reduce pain through its analgesic effect. Fatigue, caused by cancer and its treatment, can weigh heavily on patients' lives. For breast cancer sufferers, physical activity can reduce this fatigue by around 35% when offered at the start of treatment. It also helps reduce side effects such as nausea, and contributes to maintaining muscle mass and physical strength. What's more, being active improves cardiorespiratory capacity(Institut national du cancer).
Psychological support through physical activity
Exercise also plays a crucial role in the psychological support of patients. Properly supervised by professionals, it can help reduce anxiety and depression. Moderate practices such as yoga and relaxation techniques help combat anxiety(see our 10 relaxation tips). Physical activity is also said to improve self-esteem and body image. Movement and physical activity also help patients feel more in control of their bodies and their health(Institut national du cancer).
Advice for breast cancer patients
Breast cancer treatment has a major impact on physical fitness and capacity, which can make physical activity difficult. To ensure the safety and effectiveness of these activities, they must be adapted and supervised by a professional. Light-to-moderate intensity exercises such as walking, yoga or muscle-strengthening exercises are recommended. Combining physical activities that develop cardio-respiratory capacity with muscle strengthening is the most effective way to reduce fatigue. The amount should not exceed 10-12 MET.h/week(Institut national du cancer). One MET represents the energy consumed at rest. So reaching 10-12 MET.h/week means exercising enough to burn off the equivalent of 10 to 12 hours of light activity per week. It's an indicator that measures the energy expended through physical activity.
Physical activity and breast cancer: healing and rehabilitation
Post-treatment recovery
After treatment, physical activity is essential to boost the immune system and improve overall health. It also helps reduce the risk of relapse and prevent other health complications. Physical activity can reduce post-cancer fatigue levels by 40%(French National Cancer Institute). It also helps reduce perioperative complications when practised before and after surgery(Institut national du cancer).
Physical and psychological support after cancer
Regaining physical strength and stamina is crucial to effective healing after treatment. Exercise contributes not only to mental health, by promoting emotional resilience, but also to physical health.
Reducing the risk of relapse
After breast cancer, practicing at least 3 hours of physical activity a week reduces the risk of recurrence by 20%, and beyond 9 hours, the percentage rises to 50%(Institut Curie). Studies show that it improves insulin sensitivity and reduces the growth of cancer cells by increasing a protein that blocks their growth(Institut national du cancer).
Physical activity after cancer
Gym'Après Cancer classes are available throughout France. Developed by the Fédération Française d'Education Physique et de Gymnastique Volontaire (FFEPGV), they offer adapted physical activities for people undergoing cancer treatment or in remission, and provide community support to encourage complete and balanced rehabilitation.
Physical activity: benefits for the prevention and treatment of other cancers
Physical activity doesn't just prevent breast cancer. The Canadian Cancer Society links physical activity to 7 cancers.
Lack of physical activity is responsible for 18% of colon cancers in men and 20% in women, as well as 26% of endometrial cancers(La ligue contre le cancer). Exercise reduces overall mortality by around 40%. In other words, you have a better chance of recovering from cancer if you're physically active. Less physical activity (5 MET.h/week) already has a significant effect on prevention and cure, but a higher level of physical activity reinforces the benefits(Institut national du cancer).
As with breast cancer, physical activity improves treatment results and reduces side effects. It contributes to a better quality of life for patients throughout their course of treatment, notably by reducing fatigue.
Again, it's important to adapt the types of exercise to the type of cancer and stage of treatment. Consultation with healthcare professionals is essential to develop a safe and effective exercise program.
FAQ: physical activity and breast cancer
- How can physical activity prevent breast cancer?
Regular physical activity helps prevent breast cancer by reducing the risk of weight gain, obesity and hormonal imbalances, creating a body environment less conducive to the development of cancer cells. Studies show that the risk of developing breast cancer is 20% lower in active women.
- Is it safe to exercise during breast cancer treatment?
Yes, physical activity during breast cancer treatment is generally safe and even beneficial. Physical activity improves treatment tolerance, reduces fatigue and pain, and helps maintain muscle mass and physical strength. It is important that these activities be adapted and supervised by healthcare professionals.
- What types of exercise are recommended for breast cancer patients?
Light-to-moderate-intensity exercises are recommended, such as walking, yoga and muscle-strengthening exercises. Physical activities that develop cardiorespiratory capacity and muscle strengthening are effective in reducing fatigue. It is crucial to consult a health professional to develop a suitable exercise program.
- What are the benefits of physical activity after breast cancer treatment?
After treatment, physical activity helps strengthen the immune system, improves overall health, reduces the risk of relapse and prevents other health complications. It also helps reduce post-cancer fatigue by 40%, improves emotional resilience, and promotes physical recovery.
- What role does a company play in cancer prevention?
A company plays a crucial role in cancer prevention by promoting a healthy work environment and encouraging healthy lifestyle habits among its employees. In particular, it can promote physical activity within the company. SPART is the ideal application for encouraging employees to engage in physical activity and sports. The company can also provide resources for early detection and educate on the risks of cancer.
Physical activity is your ally in the fight against cancer! It improves quality of life and health. 👩⚕️🤸♀️
By Candice Lhomme